WAC analysis

Dry. Nearness's Dilemma Written Analysis and Communication I Rushing Patella (Section D) Submitted to Proof. Rhino Patella Mrs.. Paola Thomas on July 2nd, 2011 Indian Institute of Management, Mohammedan. Letter of Transmittal TO Dry. Meridian Indian Medical (Asides) College (MIMIC) Achaean, Tamil Nadia Subject: Suggested course of action for Dry. Meridian Dear Dry. Meridian, Attached herewith is a short report analyzing the various alternatives available to you in response to Dry. Rampart's request regarding acquiring and commercialism patent on his research.After evaluation of various options, the recommended elution Is to sign an agreement with a manufacturer and gain annual royalties on sales of medicine. Detailed analysis is presented in the report attached herewith. Regards, Rusher's Patella student, WIMP Jan 5th, 2011 Executive Summary The key problem to be addressed is how to respond to the request made by fellow faculty member Dry. Earmark to ensure the intellectual property protection and centralization of his formulation targeting coronary atherosclerosis and what might be the possible repercussions of the decision on MIMIC and Asides medicine system.The Recommendation 9 Action Plan 9 Exhibits†¦. Situation Analysis Indian Medical College (MIMIC) was established in 2004 in Achaean (Tamil Nadia) to be a centre of excellence in Asides medicine by imparting higher education, promoting its use and researching various aspects of it. The key problem is the proposal put forth by Dry. Earmark to MIMIC three months ago in early October 2010 that MIMIC should ensure the patenting and commercialism of his herb-mineral cardiovascularAsides formulation that can be used for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. It has 90% chances of securing intellectual property rights as per a legal firm. The unique selling propositions of the formulation include non-invasive technique, cost- effectiveness, no side effects and reduction in need of vascular extents. Thus, it can be expected to have a great acceptance in market. It is understandable that the way this proposal is handled shall not only affect Dry. Earmark, MIMIC and its staff but also impact the future of Asides medicine system.The decision might impact the two referrers researching in aneurysm and treatment of septa defects and also the future of research activities at the institute. It is also true that validating gastric procedures and preparations may serve as a means to motivate other faculty members as well. Looking at Dry. Rampart's past record of developing useful modified gastric formulations which included a successful preparation for infertility, his new formulation can be safely presumed to be equally useful.The information sheet he provided shows that the formulation has been through animal toxicity study and was also tried on patients yielding successful results. No Asides medicine has the acceptance of Asides medicine by alternative systems of medicine. The patenting of a Asides medicine backed by evidence of safety analysis would be a major leap towards recognition as a globally-accepted medicine system. The solutions provided by a couple of management education students seem to be quite useful but need to be carefully evaluated to find out the most optimal route and what might be its possible repercussions.The Problem To find the most optimal solution to Dry. Rampart's proposal, keeping in mind, the interests of MIMIC, its staff and Asides medicine system. The Options The various alternatives that can be considered include: 1. Turning down Dry. Rampart's proposal or 2. Directly transferring the rights to a third party for a one-time licensing fee or 3. Using a registered pharmaceutical setup to manufacture the medicine, but do the marketing itself or 4. Signing an agreement with a manufacturer and gain annual royalties on sales of medicine.Criteria for Evaluation Criteria in descending order of preferences: a. Impact on Asides medicine – Mimic interests' lies in promotion of Asides medicine and hence, is the most important criterion. B. Interest of MIMIC – MIMIC mandate has to e followed and the interests of MIMIC & staff have to be protected. C. Profitability – Higher profitability shall help in development of institute and promote further research in Asides medicine. Evaluation of Options 1. Turning down Dry. Rampart's proposal a. Impact on Asides medicine – There shall be no apparent effect as such.But, the golden opportunity to foray into the global market and getting recognition amongst the conventional medicine systems shall be missed. B. Interest of MIMIC – Dry. Earmark shall be utterly disappointed with MIMIC and also the other two professors shall also feel denominated. C. Profitability – The institute shall not be able to capitalize on the commercial benefits on the formulation. 2. Directly transferring the rights to a third party for a one-time licensing fee Asides produ ct. No significant credit of success shall go to MIMIC or Dry.Earmark as all the rights over the patent are handed over. B. Interest of MIMIC – Transferring the license will not let MIMIC commercialism the benefits of exploiting the formulations, and hence the interest of the institute might get affected. The other two professors might be motivated by the recognition and support rendered by MIMIC to Dry. Rampart's research. C. Profitability – The expected return as per random variable distribution turns out to be RSI. 57,500 (Exhibit 1). Since the profitability is greater than 1, it is an acceptable proposal. . Using a registered pharmaceutical setup to manufacture the medicine, but do the marketing itself a. Impact on Asides medicine – The promotion of Asides medicine can be regulated in an efficient manner since the marketing responsibilities will be of MIMIC who shall dedicatedly work towards it. B. Interest of MIMIC – Dry. Earmark shall be extremely h appy with MIMIC. The other two professors shall be motivated by the support displayed by MIMIC. However, lack of competent marketing professionals might restrict the progress of this approach. C.Profitability – This plan provides better profitability as compared to the previous plan (Exhibit 1). 4. Signing an agreement with a manufacturer and gain annual royalties on sales of medicine a. Impact on Asides medicine – This shall be the foray of Asides medicine towards getting recognition amongst the parallel medicine systems as it would be the first patented Asides drug backed by evidence to enter the market. It illustrates the best way as to how to reap commercial benefits of Asides formulation and shall also inspire other Asides colleges and researchers. B. Interest of MIMIC – Dry.Earmark shall be overwhelmed with Mimic response and the other two professors shall also derive inspiration from this. There are minimal responsibilities on the shoulders of MIMIC. The patent rights remain with MIMIC and hence, they own the formulation if the agreement ends before exclusivity period of patent. C. Profitability – This plan provides highest profitability I. E. 2. 21 and highest gross sales I. E. RSI. (Exhibit 1). Higher gross sales suggest promotion and acceptance of Asides medicine among masses. The Recommendation Action Plan Following steps are proposed to follow up on recommendation: 1 .

Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge Approach

Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge Approach Ambrose Bierce, the author of the short story â€Å"An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge† used his own life experiences to create successful and expressive writing. The time period in which Bierce lived had a significant influence on his writing. Bierce’s experiences fighting the front lines in the civil war are brought out in his writings and short stories. The historic time period, in which Bierce placed the setting of â€Å"Owl Creek Bridge†, is very significant and creates a successful historic approach.Bierce tells â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† in the third person point of view. In turn the reader has limited knowledge and understanding of situations taking place. Bierce’s third person point of view, historical setting, and theme of death, brands â€Å"An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge† as a successful short story. The third person point of view affects the story in a number of ways. One sin ce the reader’s knowledge is limited; it is difficult to fully understand what the main character â€Å"Peyton Farquhar’s† is experiencing and the reasons behind his hanging.Bierce is the only person who knows how Peyton Farquhar thinks feels. Two, since he does not let the reader into the minds of the characters a sense of mystery is created. By the end of the story, Bierce seems both reliable and unreliable, he reveals that Farquhar is dead, but we also know that he imagined an escape. By introducing the reader to two different scenarios, Peyton being hung, and Peyton escaping into his wife’s arms, Bierce creates confusion for the reader. This third person approach enables Bierce’s story come to life and creates an interesting perspective.Bierce’s use of setting and historic time period in, â€Å"An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge†, enables this story to be viewed time and time again. The Civil War relates back to our American roots, it is a piece of history that every American has learned about and is the reason why America is known as the â€Å"Land of the Free†. Incorporating American History into the setting of this story allows â€Å"An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge† to be passed on from one generation to the next. Peyton Farquhar, the main character, is a southern farmer who is pro- slavery and a Confederate during the 1800’s (200).Peyton got caught in his attempt to destroy Owl Creek Bridge in order stop Union soldiers from reaching his family and farmland (200). This action is led to the reason behind his hanging. Bierce’s use of historic time period creates a successful, and relatable story for all readers. Death, the dreaded thought, Bierce plays into the human instinct to fight or cheat death. Peyton’s imagination comes into play when he does not want to accept the fact that he is going to die. Even though he is standing there, seconds away from being hung, Peyton imagines himself escaping.The story itself centers on an alternate reality that Farquhar creates in his mind, while he's really hanging, with no heartbeat, just activity in his brain. The idea is that Farquhar creates an escape in his mind, seconds before he is actually dead. Bierce utilizes denial as an essential element in the story, by exploring the human desire to cheat death, and escape fate. Peyton Farquhar tries to do so by examining any get away in his mind, before actually doing anything. By showing that even though, he escaped in his mind, Bierce demonstrates that death is unavoidable no matter what one does to escape it.Though death is not unexpected for Farquhar, he is ultimately unable to accept it. â€Å"As he pushes open the gate and passes up the wide walk, he sees a flutter of female garments; his wife, looking fresh and cool and sweet, steps down from the veranda to meet him. At the bottom of the steps she stands waiting, with a smile of ineffable joy, an attitude of matchless grace and dignity†¦As he is about to clasp her he feels a stunning blow upon the back of the neck; a blinding white light blazes all about him with a sound like the shock of a cannon- then all is darkness and silence. (204). Rather than accepting his own fate, Peyton resists death by imagining an elaborate fantasy of an alternate fate. Ambrose Bierce’s incorporation of setting, point of view, and theme produces an illustrious short story for all readers. Bierce makes the story relatable to all humans in the fight to cheat death. Knowledge of the civil war gears the reader’s understanding behind the actions that are taking place. Third person point of view is an effective way to keep the reader guessing and hanging on a limb.In an instant the whole story comes together, all the confusion, reality versus fantasy comes clear in the last sentence, â€Å"Peyton Farquhar was dead; his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side to side beneath the ti mbers of the Owl Creek Bridge† (Bierce, 204). The reader finds out Peyton is dead at the very last second of the story in an instant Peyton gives in and loses his battle against death. Work Cited Bierce, Ambrose. â€Å"An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge. † Edgar V. Roberts. Writing About Literature. Brief 11th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2006. 251

A Creative Writing on an Interview with Joseph About His Charitable Acts

A Creative Writing on an Interview with Joseph About His Charitable Acts This is an interview with Joseph on October 21, 2021. Joseph has spent the past 3 years helping the homeless with whatever he can, from donating non perishable goods to thousands of dollars. His charitable acts have become publicized when he was caught on camera handing out over fifty bagged meals to the homeless in Los Angeles. He has been recruited by Society First CA for this in depth interview at Society First CA’s headquarters in Downtown Los Angeles. I think it all started when I visited Los Angeles when I was 16 years old. Everywhere I looked, there was someone begging for help, whether it’s food or money. I hated the sight. Not the sight of the homeless themselves but the sight of the fortunate ignoring the unfortunate. It was saddening that a fellow human being would ignore another just because of their social status and their wealth. I saw the disgust within the faces of those passing by and my heart broke. That’s when I decided to donate at least $5 to any homeless I see every day. I actually saw your charitable act myself a few years back myself. I was surprised that a teenager would give their own money to someone less fortunate, especially in this generation. It left an impression in my mind. Thank you! While my motive for helping out the homeless isn’t to gain attention but any publication which shows the current situation of the homeless helps. I’m trying to bring attention to the homeless problem within L.A. right now, as it is a big problem, but I want to help everywhere I can. And if my actions left an impression within you, maybe you can help out too (laugh). I would love to (laugh). Have you been doing anything else to help out with the homeless situation? I actually help out at the nearby soup kitchen. When I have extra money, I often go to the local supermarket and buy non-perishable food to donate. Then I go to the kitchen and help out with the cooking. Although this may not be much, some of the homeless haven’t had hot food in several days. The warmth they give when they receive their food fills my heart. It really makes me understand how privileged I am to be able to have hot food every day and a roof over my head. How long do you plan to continue your humanitarian works? I don’t plan to stop any time soon. In fact, I don’t want to stop. I believe that if you do good works the good works will come back to you. If I suddenly became homeless, I wouldn’t want to be ignored and stay helpless. I would want hot food to warm myself when it’s cold. I would want a roof over my head. I hope that my good works will be reciprocated and that the homeless can flip their lives around and help others. In fact, I actually want to try making a non-profit corporation devoted to helping out the homeless and the less fortunate. However, until that happens, I plan to continue to donate to charity and give to the homeless. This genre is for the Improve society #1 of my bucket list. I chose the genre of an interview because I felt that this genre would be the most effective way to show my motive for helping out at homeless shelter. This genre is important to my bucket list because I have always had a heart for the unfortunate people who are victims of circumstances which they could not control. Additionally, I have seen so many people who ignore the homeless and it breaks my heart when I see that happen. I used a basic outline of an interview, having the interviewer ask me a question and lead the conversation from the response. I mainly focused on the humanitarian aspect of my motive to help the homeless. I used a casual tone instead of a professional to make the interview more intimate and honest. To create the interview itself, I imagined myself actually being asked these questions and responded to it. While I may be able to help out the homeless, I feel that this wouldn’t have an impact if it was not shared. I want others to be aware of the homeless problem within society and that we have an obligation to help a fellow human being. Many are afraid of the homeless or believe that the money we give will be used for other purposes. However, if we are to show love and be altruistic, I believe in the natural human goodness within everyone and believe that the homeless can have a change.

Company Law and its results Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company Law and its results - Case Study Example In this case Jamal is not only the director but also is the shareholder of the company. The intended resolution brought by Jamal relating to payment of dividend and his dislike on the style of management reflects the oppression of the minority by the majority represented by Boss and Harris. As has been decided in the above case, when a wrong is committed to a company, only the company is the proper person to bring an action for damage. Since the directors control the company and it is the directors whose conduct is the issue now, only the shareholders have to bring an action in the name of the company. There are certain rules established in the case of Foss v Harbottle. They are: 2. The second rule relates to 'internal management' of the company where the action complained of is something which the majority is entitled to then the action for legal remedy can be brought by the majority only. Relevant cases are: Jamal may not be in a position to bring any action against the remaining directors as the company is the only proper person for taking action against the directors. According to the second rule laid down in Foss v Harbottle since Boss and Harris represent the majority, only they are entitled to bring action if any for remedy. The complaint from Jamal does not fall within the exceptions to the rule laid down in Foss v harbottle as there is no apparent fraud committed by Harris and Boss representing the majority. Issue 2: Resolution brought by Boss and Harris for the removal of Jamal as a director Answer: It is possible that a company by ordinary resolution remove a director before the end of his period of office. Such an action may be brought under section 303 of the Companies Act 1985 notwithstanding anything contained in the Articles of Association of the company or anything contained in any agreement between the company and the director. The removal of a director under section 303 will not deprive the director of his right for compensation or damages payable in respect of the termination of his appointment as director. The director will also be entitled to his right of compensation in respect of the termination of any other appointment. It is obligatory for the company to issue a special notice of the resolution intended to be passed in the general meeting for the removal of a director or to appoint another in the place of the director removed at the meeting in which the director is so removed. Under section 304 on receipt of the notice of an intended resolution to remove a director under

Future Intelligent Led Policing Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Future Intelligent Led Policing Model - Essay Example One such technique would be intelligent led policing, which is mainly associated with the operational strategy of law enforcement. â€Å"Intelligent-led policing is a business model and managerial philosophy where the data analysis and crime intelligence are pivotal to an objective, decision-making framework that facilitates in crime and problem reduction.†(Intelligent led Policing n.d). Thus, the concept of intelligent led policing revolves around the phenomenon of gathering data and using it as a guide operation in drastically reducing the crime even before they arise. Apart from collecting the information about the crimes, fast and efficient analysis accompanied with the appropriate actions has greater potential in controlling the crimes even before they originate. â€Å"Intelligence-led policing is zero tolerance policing but against the right people at the right time for right reasons.† (Stevens 2011). This paper will mainly focus on the positives and negative aspe cts of intelligent led policing on basis of which it can be implemented in future. Based on the ethical and the practical issues surrounding the intelligent led policing, it can be considered as the model for the future policing. Moreover, the collective effort of other agencies plays a vital role in the successful practice of the intelligent led policing. †Police Department need to collaborate with other units and agencies within their cities or countries, such as the parole and probation agencies, which are completely different in scope.† (Joyce 2012). The above can be considered as one of the core concepts where the intelligent led policing differs from the normal stream. One of the highlighted advantages of the model would be the excavating the ways by through which the occurrences of the crimes can be greatly reduced. Thus, it is mainly based on the interpretation, influence, and impact of the data in a criminal environment.

Culture and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Culture and Change - Essay Example A culture is made up of different life experiences that an employee brings with him/herself in a workplace. The whole philosophy of culture becomes especially important to comprehend when an inevitable need to bring or manage an organization-wide change initiates. Thus, it can be said that culture and change are very closely associated in the context of an organizational setup. Mullins (cited in Venance, 2007) claims that those employees who deliberately resist changes in the organizational culture and system can actually cripple the expected performance criteria of that organization, since the importance of change is profoundly necessary in today’s competitive world. Appreciable organizational culture can be seen at Wal-mart which is one of the biggest corporations in the world. Sam Walton, who is the founder of this company and is also called the king of customer service, has redefined the managerial culture which is too conspicuous to be ignored at Wal-mart today. Wal-Mart has been strictly following the religiously derived managerial concept of servant leadership in an attempt to answer the expectations of their employees. (Johnson, 2010). Paying attention to the expectations and demands of the employees has always been considered very important for lining up with the desires of the customers and increasing the productivity level. Also, Wal-mart has always focused on keeping the costs low for winning over the other major companies in the competition. Simple to comprehend and easy-to-relate-to rules are made almost every other month and actions are quickly taken, while respecting the demands of the organizational culture. Basically, the bedrock of the Wal-Mart culture is mainly associated with elements like religion, patriotism, a classless collective identity, modern science, rationality, ecology, relentless struggle, and low costs. The phenomenal culture existing in Wal-mart originates from three fundamental beliefs, which are

Incident for Aids Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incident for Aids - Case Study Example However, the scope ought to be widened to include other men from other races and social classes. The level of diversity among the minority groups such as the Hispanics presented a major challenge for the agency, as it could not replicate the initiatives that had been successful with the original group. This was a dire phenomenon because the epidemic was rising among gay and bisexual males from these minority groups. For instance, the level of acculturation to the American ways has a huge impact on how a man would face the stigma associated with AIDS and homosexuality. Therefore, there was need to develop different sensitive programs that would target the different groups such as the youth, recent migrants and the acculturated. Consensus building entails seeking the consent of all participants in a situation where there were differences in opinion. In formulating a Latino-oriented program, the agency consulted an expert who proposed six barriers for adoption of safer behaviour. The barriers were reduced to four after lengthy discussions, but the agency representatives still hold different opinions about the number that should be used. In order to develop consensus I would appeal to the representatives to focus on the common interest and not their agencies’ position. In this case, the common interest will be identification of the major possible barriers. The focus group must incorporate members from all the segments of the target group. Since there are many members, it is imperative that the stakeholders command respect from the other members, who must exhibit their confidence in them. It is important to select people who have a similar perception of the issues and not those who will undermine each other. A focus group should work towards creating a lasting solution for the issues. Therefore, they should provide this information: what they have learnt from other segments; what each group should do to achieve the goals; and

The Panama Canal and Its Expansion Research Paper

The Panama Canal and Its Expansion - Research Paper Example Panama canal was before under the Colombian management, then came the French and America before the panamian management took over in 1999. The canal had been faced by various challenges including ships traffic jam as the number rose from 1,000 in 1914 when it was opened to 14,702 in 2008. By the year 2008, more than 815,000 ships had used the panama canal most of them bigger than the initial plans that had been made (ACP, 2009). Panamax is the biggest ships that travel through the canal at the present time. The canal was named by the American society of civil engineers as among the seven worlds wonders. Due to the increased rate of international maritime trade, increase in volumes in trade and levels of containerization, there has been a keener plan of investment of more funds in canals and the ports by the shipping lines in order to curb the growing rate of demand and needs. Since the Panama Canal does not have the capacity to accommodate all this pressure, it has been faced by several issues mostly relating to traffic congestion of the ships. The canal is known to hold a great record in the maritime trade but at the same time it has been known to lose its market shares to Suez canal,which is another route used in the same type of trade, and this is because the panama canal cannot accommodate ships more than 5,000 TEUs. The canal has also been hit by several problems,which include: a decrease in demand of transit, an old model and structure of the canal, the saturation point is reached early, lack of potential to redirect traffic congestion to other potential alternatives with longer routes, their development is unsustainable and also their level of trade in the maritime industry has been low. These problems led to the proposal for the expansion of the panama canal by the panama canal authority as it was the best solution for the business of shipping,rather than ignoring,so that,by 2014, the capacity would be doubled allowing more ships to pass through the canal. The components that make up the programme of the expansion o f the Panama Canal include: 1. Widening and making the Atlantic entrance deep. 2. Construction of the panama locks of the Atlantic post. 3. Increasing the working conditions of Lake Gatum to a maximum level. 4. Widening and making the steering channels of Culebra Cut and Lake Gatun deep. 5. Digging up the access channel of the post panamax locks. 6. Constructing locks on the pacific post panamax. 7. Widening and making the entrance of the pacific deep. Panama canal expansion will double its capacity come 2014 as it will allow larger ships to pass through. The plan for the canal expansion was presented on 24th April, 2006 by martin torrijos who was then the president of panama. The proposal was approved by the citizens of panama through a national referendum that was carried out in October 2006, and it was voted in by 76.8% of the population (ACP, 2009). The citizens of panama approved the expansion of the canal as it would allow larger vessels to transit and increase the level of ma ritime trade. The project has started to be executed by the Panama Canal authority, and it will take at least eight years to be fully implemented as they are following a well illustrated plan and it will cost them 5.25 billion US dollars. As much as this project is of much assistance to the citizens and the republic of panama, there will be a direct benefit to the maritime industry internationally through

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Term Paper - 1

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder - Term Paper Example icle really caught my attention because a close friend of mine often talks about her ten-year old son who was diagnosed with ADHD around two years ago. As with most ADHD diagnosed children, my friend had initially thought that he was just an overly active boy who couldn’t stay put long enough. Eventually, my friend’s son had had too many problems with his mates in school and with the teachers as well so my friend decided to have him diagnosed and that was when they found out that he actually had ADHD. While the diagnosis caused some sadness for my friend, she was also relieved at the same time because her son was diagnosed early on and was given the necessary attention and treatment for ADHD symptoms. My friend is quite fortunate too as I learned from the article that only recently were guidelines released in the diagnosis of ADHD. I quite agree with the author that these guidelines ought to be followed closely so that other children who are just normally active, for example, do not run the risk of being incorrectly diagnosed with ADHD while, at the same time, children like my friend’s son who really have this problem may be attended to early on. In addition, I was also particularly interested about the article’s claim on the seemingly â€Å"healing† effects of placebos. The article agrees with the popular view in the psychological community that confirms how much power our minds have over the issues of our bodies (Harrington, 2000). I find myself also agreeing with this view because I have been in several situations wherein my ailments â€Å"healed themselves† when I brought myself to think more positive thoughts rather than focus on my sickness. This particular branch of psychology ought to be explored more because if we are in a capacity to provide ourselves with relief from our ailments, then that would mean that we wouldn’t have to subject ourselves to medications that are sometimes, ironically, quite harmful when taken in too frequently or in larger

EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay Example for Free

EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay The introduction of European Union’s Fifth Action Programme into the continent pollution control mechanism has wide range benefits, several of which will be discussed in subsequent sections of this paper. Indeed, the application of the programme will completely change how people in the continent deal with pollution issues. One reason for this change is fact that most of pollution control measures would be done at the grassroots level as opposed to the traditional model of having measures develop and implemented at national and continental level. In explaining benefits of the programme, the paper is divided into five sections, each of which addresses a specific benefit. I. Creation of Responsibility Culture Decentralisation of solution to pollution issues in EU will lead to situation where individuals at the local level take responsibility for pollution problems in their respective localities. In this regard, it would be possible to develop measures that in line with local demands. This is because members of local community understand bets what could be ailing their environment. In addition, having an understanding that there’ll never be outside help will create a culture of responsibility among locals. This could be achieved through preventative measures ensuring that pollution is avoided in the first place, or even minimise effects minimal pollution that might occur. Individual communities and households will that start depending on themselves in matter pertaining to controlling pollutions. This is because they will understand that solutions would only come from local efforts. This factor has the benefit of cultivating competition between communities, because they would have been equalised under the programme. Such competition has the potential of leading to less pollution as communities try to out do each other on the ones that are more prosperous in terms of being pollution free. All this would lead to increasingly pollution free communities facilitated by residents themselves. By implementing the programme, individual communities and countries would not have anyone to blame for the status of their environment’s pollution levels. The involvement of people shall be a boon to stakeholder initiatives directed at reducing pollution. This is because people and groups shall feel freer in dealing with issues that have for many years been preserves of governmental organisations. In addition, stakeholder groups that have been pushing for individual efforts in the protection of environment in localities will now start becoming active. It has to be understood that localised stakeholder groups help individuals in societies to come together to develop initiatives that lead to better communities. Fact that the EU Fifth Action Program will provide them with a voice is indeed of great importance. In addition, individuals that are not in a position to participate in stakeholder groups will be free to develop their own mechanisms to control pollution in their own neighbourhoods. This can even be doe at the family level, where members of the same family join hands in protecting their small environment from pollution. Doing this in several private properties enable the creation of pollution free neighbourhoods. Fact that all this would be done through initiatives developed at local levels is something to be desired, because, as discussed later in the paper, policymakers at national and regional level would be able to concentrate on other pressing matters. Other than leading to productivity in the protection of protecting environment at local level, the programme is also a vital tool of education member of public that it is possible to make changes in their communities without depending too much on the European Union. People in the region will further understand that they have power to make changes. At the end, the mentality that successful measures can only be achieved through intervention of national and regional authorities will be demolished completely. This will lead to the genesis if self dependency in solving pressing issues at local levels without rushing to authorities for help. II. End Paternalism Application of the program in pollution control will also help members of public understand the role of European Union in their day-to-day lives. At it currently happens, members of the public in the region might tend to think that EU exists to solve problems like pollution. In this regard, the people will have to understand that EU’s environmental mechanisms are developed to help member countries harmonise their frameworks. In other words, member countries come together and help develop best frameworks to deal with environmental issues; it is up to the countries and their citizens implement these mechanisms and ensure of they are working. Fact that paternalism has become popular in most European countries could be leading to mentality that EU exists to improve lives of member country citizens. The application this program may help in the process of disseminating that mentality completely. In this regard, people will stop looking for top to bottom solutions in their problems and thus developing bottom to top solutions. In addition, leaders at the local level would feel empowered to lead their congregation in ways that would directly benefit the local community. This new process of solution finding would be good because it has the capabilities of developing preventative measures in the first place. The localisation of decision making processes would also help communities adapt to changes that get effected in the process implementing policy changes. This is a great move from the traditional frameworks that has tasked national governments with responsibilities of helping community members at the lowest level adapt to policy changes. In the new model, it shall be up to local leaders and authorities to help the community. This has positive gains because people have easy access to leadership that would help them in the process. Having the leaders being located close to the people will also improve passage of information between stakeholders, and with it deliver the desired message to the people. As mentioned earlier, the localisation of decision making and policy implementation would lead to competition between communities has the advantage of resulting to greater efficiency. The comparison of performance between communities would help in understanding best practices in the localities would help the areas performing poorly to copy from best performers. This copying from the best would help in the implementation of pollution policies, because each locality would take best practices and tailor them in accordance to local demands, which would be a shift from the traditional model of having one size fits all mechanisms developed at regional and national levels.

The Story of an Hour Kate Chopin

The Story of an Hour Kate Chopin The early 1900s was an era where society inflicted standards that suppressed women mentally and physically. From birth, women had to overcome many cultural and societal boundaries because of their gender such as being told how to converse and clothe, and even who to marry. Women in those times lacked many rights such as freedom of speech, the right to an education, and skills that would help them become employed. Every stage of their lives was controlled by a male figure, starting with their fathers from birth to their husbands during marriage. Unfortunately, a womans ideal role for men was to perform domestic duties inside the house and other duties such as sexual deeds; a womans voice and concerns were never considered priority nor were given respect. The stories of â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, by Kate Chopin and â€Å"The Girls in Their Summer Dresses†, by Irwin Shaw, expose a dominating attitude towards women and illustrate how they could be trapped in unsatisfying marriages because of their husbands thoughtlessness, exploitation, and domination. The protagonists in these stories have accepted their roles in their marriages by being passive spouses. Kate Chopins â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, is a story regarding a woman, Mrs. Mallard, who is trapped in a suppressing marriage and dreadfully wants to escape. This story describes an hour of freedom that has been given to her. Although a very short story, it seems like every sentence has an intense significance and meaning to it that makes the reader think in depth. Even though her husbands full name is given to the readers, â€Å"Brently Mallard†, she is only referred to as â€Å"Mrs. Mallard†, giving the hint of the oppression she had to go through and the degradation society enforced upon women in that time period. Mrs. Mallard, the protagonist of the story is troubled by her heart condition and is oppressed by her husband who loves her and does not want to purposely suppress authority, but sadly, it was the society that built the peoples personality and character, and set the standards in the nineteenth century. Interestingly enough, Chopin uses the techniqu e of foreshadowing in the first sentence of the story indicating the readers that something terrible is bound to happen to Mrs. Mallard, perhaps a heart affiliated problem. The quote,†Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husbands death.†(Chopin 1) misinforms readers in to believing that everything will be fine. Irony could be noticed from the way Mrs. Mallard acts in response to her husbands death. Normally when a widow is informed about their spouses death, they become sad and express their grief; however, when Mrs. Mallard heard the awful news from her sister Josephine, she accepted it and proceeded to her room where she could be alone. This allowed the reader to adopt a similar prospective through her point of view, a new life and a chance to live oppression free. When she proceeds to her room, she sits down on a roomy, comfortable arm chair facing the open window. The reader should instantly inquire the use of the term â€Å"Comfortable† (Chopin 1), and question the fact that she is not miserable. While looking outside the window, she observed nature carefully symbolizing her excitement for a new life. The quote, â€Å"She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life†¦ the delicious breath of rain was in the air†¦ the notes of distant song†¦ countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves†¦patches of the blue sky showing here and there through the clouds† (Chopin 1) describes this scene adequately. At this point of the story the reader is puzzled by Chopins use of foreshadowing whether she is sad at all due to her observance of all the beautiful aspects of nature. While fantasizing about her new life, it seemed like her conscious was trying to put a stop to her happiness, leading her to realize that she was loved by her husband even though he was s uppressive time to time, his intentions were good; however, Chopin was trying to tell the readers she had only loved him time to time and that most of the time she had no love for him, as this quote describes, â€Å"And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often, she had not.† (Chopin 2). Chopin confuses the reader by using another method of foreshadowing making the ending even more surprising, â€Å"She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long.† (Chopin 2), and that she considers herself to be a â€Å"Goddess of victory† (Chopin 2). Chopin uses an ironic ending for her story when Mrs. Mallard is surprised to death when her husband enters the house looking perfectly healthy without even knowing the accident took place. The paradox prolongs when the readers find out that she dies due to heart disease caused by joy. Earlier when she heard the agonizing news of her husbands death, she was fairly pleased of the idea of being free, having no authority figure gover ning her life; however, she was not eager to go through that life again, causing her to die once she saw her husband alive. Irwin Shaws, â€Å"The Girls in Their Summer Dresses†, depicts a couple whose marriage is in jeopardy due to the husbands lack of consideration for his wifes feelings. The story starts with the protagonist of the story, Frances, and her husband, Michael, enjoying a walk on a Sunday afternoon in New York City, part of Francess plans to spend the whole day alone with her husband as deliberated initially. While walking down the street, Frances caught her husband checking out a pretty girl who leads her to protest against it, â€Å"Shes not so pretty†¦Anyway, not pretty enough to take a chance breaking your neck looking at her.†(Shaw 1). When confronted of his actions, Michael carelessly replies, â€Å"I look at everything†¦I look at women and men†¦I casually inspect the universe.† (Shaw 2). This statement provides the readers with an idea of Michaels character who is the dominating figure in the story, who is lacking respect for his wife and is explo iting her weakness of not ending their relationship. Divorce was uncommon in the early 1900s even when men commit adultery. Francess feelings were depicted well as the author wrote, â€Å"She began to cry†¦someday youre going to make a move†¦Michael didnt say anything. He sat watching the bartender slowly peel a lemon.† (Shaw 4). Irrationally, Michael lets Frances know that â€Å"Sometimes I [Michael] would like to be free† (Shaw 4), and that eventually one day hell â€Å"make a move† (Shaw 4). Unfortunately, Michael treated women as objects who were merely around to perform sexual favours, he even depicted his wife as a sexual object when they arrived at a bar for some drinks, as this quote describes, â€Å"She got up from the table and walked across the room†¦Michael watched her walk, thinking, what a pretty girl, what nice legs.† (Shaw 4). Interestingly enough, Michael turns everything around by stating â€Å"Its a nice day and we both feel good and theres no reason why we have to break it up.† (Shaw 4), by declaring this, Michael blames the fact that their day is turning out to be unpleasant on Frances, and due to her has low self-esteem and insecurity, she accepts the claim by saying, â€Å"All right. I dont know why I started this. Lets drop it. Lets have a good time.† (Shaw 2). By stating this, Frances portrayed herself to be a submissive individual; meanwhile, Michael was careless and disrespectful. Throughout the nineteenth century, a womans purpose was merely based on performing domestic duties in their homes, and they did not contribute to the household income in any way. Women were dishonoured and exploited by men to a point that they were simply degraded to a childs level in society. Excessive male dominance and authority guided countless women getting the sensation of feeling trapped in their household, incapable to flee from the imprisonment enforced upon them by their spouses. The stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and â€Å"The Girls in Their Summer Dresses†, both depict tolerable house wives who are dominated and exploited by their husbands and have acquiesced to their role in their relationship and are submissive individuals who do not rise up and rebel against their husbands. These stories truthfully exemplify how women in the 19th century had to accept their husbands for who they were, and did not have many alternatives other than accepting to live with the repression until death did them apart.

best friends Essay -- essays research papers

It was a sunny Sunday morning; the spring breeze was evident all around, the kind that says summer in on the way. My best friend called and offered to take me rock climbing up at Indian Hills, I was thrilled but timid. Waiting with anticipation I could hear the sound of his car coming, it was distinct in its own way because the muffler was on its last leg. He arrived in style, no not really. The paint of his car was peeling off and the smell of the exhaust filled the air with a horrible aroma. Every time I got in his car I felt embarrassed, but it was all right because he was the only one who could drive. As we started up the 225 Highway we were following traffic along the twisting, turning road. Suddenly my best friend cursed under his breath. I looked at him surprisingly and asked, "What's wrong?" He started to laugh, took his foot off the accelerator, hit the brakes, and said "Didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t you see that state trooper?" I nodded, "Well we were going 85 up this road," he said. Luckily we were not the only cars on the road. About a mile from the turn off we slowed down to 55 miles an hour. When we pulled off the side of the road, we were both surprised to find that there were no other cars parked there. Normally this turn off was packed with cars, with people climbing in the Indian Hills. Although we were both happy that there was no one else around to interfere, there was a lingering feeling of dread. If something were to go wrong there wouldn't be anybody else around to help. We both got out of the car and decided to go on against our better judgment. The trail up was steep; about two feet wide surrounded, with scrub brush. On the way up I was thinking both about how bad my legs were getting cut from the brush, and about not slipping on the sandy trail. The half-mile long hike was nothing but a warm up for my best friend and I, who are avid backpackers and trail hikers. We reached the top and headed to the intermediate climbs off to the left. My best friend is an experienced rock climber so this was nothing to him. However it didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t look too intermediate to me. Mount Everest came to mind! I walked over and stood underneath the rock formations. I felt so little like a two-story building surrounded by skyscrapers. The incredible height was nothing in comparison to the thought of falling onto the jagged rocks that surrounded the ... ...sier way. About half way down the hill we both realized we were lost, it had seemed that we were going in the wrong direction. By this time it was almost pitch dark. Concentrating on ground beneath my feet, it became somewhat of a blur to me. I started crying with out warning. I guess it was a delayed shock that had finally hit me. With great emotion I knew that I had to compose myself before Mark saw me crying. I thought to myself, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Thank god Mark was in the right place at the right time.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? I could have either been seriously injured and even worse dead. As we kept walking we could hear cars in the faint background and see headlights. We headed toward the sound and used the lights for visual guidance. Finally we reached the highway only to realize we were about a  ¼ of a mile from the car. We were lucky it wasn't a longer walk. On the way home, after a long silence mark said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t tell our parents, especiall y your mom, because you know how protective she is.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? From that day on realization washed over me and I decided that it would be better if my feet remain on the ground. I also realized that friends are always there when you need them, especially best friends.

teenage alcoholism :: essays research papers

Socraric Method The Socratic Method of philosophy is basically a series of question leading to an answer. In order for this method to work though, two conditions must be met. The first one is that the interlocutor has to say what he believes. The second is that the answers must be kept short. Here is a classic example of how this method works. It is a dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro. The thesis is â€Å"What is dear to the gods is pious, what is not is impious.† Next Socrates gets Euthyphro to agree to the following points. The first point is that piety and impiety are opposite. The next point is that the gods are in a state of discord. The next is that they are in discord over what is just and what is unjust. They have no set unit to measure it by. The next point is that the different gods consider different things to be just and unjust. From there he goes on to agree that some things are both just and unjust. Finally, he agrees that some things can be both god loved and god hated. T he same things would then be both pious and impious according to the argument above. The way that this argument relates to the rest of the Euthyphro starts back at the beginning of the story. Socrates sees Euthyphro standing by the courthouse and naturally asks why he is there. Euthyphro explains that he is the prosecutor in a murder trial. It turns out that it is his father that he is prosecuting for the murder of a murderer. He laments to Socrates that his family and friends believe that his doing this is impious, but he believes that they are mistaken and this reveals their ignorance of piety. Since Socrates is Socrates, this naturally leads him to ask just exactly what piety is.

Alice Walker Essay -- essays research papers

Alice Walker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alice Walker is an African American essayist, novelist and poet. She is described as a â€Å"black feminist.†(Ten on Ten) Alice Walker tries to incorporate the concepts of her heritage that are absent into her essays; such things as how women should be independent and find their special talent or art to make their life better. Throughout Walker’s essay entitled â€Å"In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens,† I determined there were three factors that aided Walker gain the concepts of her heritage which are through artistic ability, her foremothers and artistic models.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens† touches mainly upon family heritage and the way her heritage was created. In Atwan’s Ten on Ten, you will find the essay on the Mothers’ Gardens. On page 83 it states, â€Å"For they were going nowhere immediate, and the future was not yet within their grasp.† This quote signifies how mothers and grandmothers would always be set serving the men in their lives; for their entire lives, however, there was a different future, a plan that they didn’t see yet. This plan was for them to identify their artistic ability, whether if it was through singing, writing or making quilts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the essay, â€Å"In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens,†Alice Walker’s mentions her foremothers. Women like Jean Toomer, Phillis Wheatley and Zora Neale Hurtson, who were all either poets or writers. Mike Fike has also reco...

EOQ Essay

Introduction    Determine the order size for Company A in the scenario found in the attached â€Å"QAT1 Task 3 Spreadsheet† that would minimize total annual cost by using the economic order quantity model, showing all of your work. Economic order quantity model is an in inventory related equation that helps in determining the optimum order quantity that a company should hold in its inventory given a cost of production, demand rate and other variables. This is always done to help in minimizing the variables inventory costs.   The equation is given by EOQ = Where: A= Setup costs Cp = Demand rate P = Production cost I = Interest rate (considered an opportunity cost, so the risk-free rate can be used) EOQ =  Ã‚   (2 * 400,000 * 42)/ (3% * 500) = 33600000/ 15 = Sr. 2240000 =1,497 computers Identify what Company A should do with the information determined in part A The economic order quantity (EOQ) is the order quantity that minimizes total holding and ordering costs for the year. Even if all the assumptions don’t hold exactly, the EOQ gives us a good indication of whether or not current order quantities are reasonable(Steven, 2009). Therefore, the company uses EOQ in ensuring that the quantity being produced is optimal and is cost effective hence help the production and marketing departments to be effective in terms of production.                   Order Quantity Holding Cost Order Cost Material Cost Shortage Cost Total Cost Q hC(Q/2) (R/Q)S CR (B(Q-n)^2)/2Q TC 99.78 $748.33 $168,374.58 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,169,122.91 199.56 $1,496.66 $84,187.29 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,085,683.95 299.33 $2,244.99 $56,124.86 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,058,369.86 399.11 $2,993.33 $42,093.65 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,045,086.97 498.89 $3,741.66 $33,674.92 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,037,416.57 598.67 $4,489.99 $28,062.43 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,032,552.42 698.44 $5,238.32 $24,053.51 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,029,291.83 798.22 $5,986.65 $21,046.82 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,027,033.47 898.00 $6,734.98 $18,708.29 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,025,443.27 997.78 $7,483.31 $16,837.46 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,024,320.77 1097.55 $8,231.65 $15,306.78 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,023,538.43 1197.33 $8,979.98 $14,031.22 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,023,011.19 1297.11 $9,728.31 $12,951.89 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,022,680.20 1396.89 $10,476.64 $12,026.76 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,022,503.40 1496.66 $11,224.97 $11,224.97 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,022,449.94 1596.44 $11,973.30 $10,523.41 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,022,496.72 1696.22 $12,721.64 $9,904.39 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,022,626.02 1796.00 $13,469.97 $9,354.14 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,022,824.11 1895.77 $14,218.30 $8,861.82 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,023,080.12 1995.55 $14,966.63 $8,418.73 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,023,385.36 2095.33 $15,714.96 $8,017.84 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,023,732.80 2195.11 $16,463.29 $7,653.39 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,024,116.68 2294.88 $17,211.62 $7,320.63 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,024,532.26 2394.66 $17,959.96 $7,015.61 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,024,975.56 2494.44 $18,708.29 $6,734.98 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,025,443.27 2594.22 $19,456.62 $6,475.95 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,025,932.56 2693.99 $20,204.95 $6,236.10 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,026,441.05 2793.77 $20,953.28 $6,013.38 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,026,966.66 2893.55 $21,701.61 $5,806.02 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,027,507.63 2993.33 $22,449.94 $5,612.49 $200,000,000.00 $0.00 $200,028,062.43                                                                         Q Line             1497 0             1497 200022449.9                Determine the lot size for Company B in the scenario found in the attached â€Å"QAT1 Task 3 Spreadsheet† that would minimize total annual cost by using the economic production lot size model, showing all of your work. Economic order quantity model is an in inventory related equation that helps in determining the optimum order quantity that a company should hold in its inventory given a cost of production, demand rate and other variables. This is always done to help in minimizing the variables inventory costs.   The equation is given by EOQ = Where: A= Setup costs Cp = Demand rate P = Production cost I = Interest rate (considered an opportunity cost, so the risk-free rate can be used) EOQ =  Ã‚   (2 * 5200,000 * 500)/ (4% * 250) = 5,200,000,000/ 10 = Sr. 520,000,000 = 22804 computers Identify what Company B should do with the information determined in part B The economic order quantity (EOQ) is the order quantity that minimizes total holding and ordering costs for the year. Even if all the assumptions don’t hold exactly, the EOQ gives us a good indication of whether or not current order quantities are reasonable (Steven, 2009). Therefore, the company uses EOQ in ensuring that the quantity being produced is optimal and is cost effective hence help the production and marketing departments to be effective in terms of production. Order Quantity Holding Cost Order Cost Material Cost Shortage Cost Total Cost Q hC(Q/2) (R/Q)S CR (B(Q-n)^2)/2Q TC 1520.23 $7,601.17 $1,710,263.14 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,301,717,864.31 3040.47 $15,202.34 $855,131.57 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,870,333.91 4560.70 $22,803.51 $570,087.71 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,592,891.22 6080.94 $30,404.68 $427,565.78 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,457,970.46 7601.17 $38,005.85 $342,052.63 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,380,058.48 9121.40 $45,607.02 $285,043.86 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,330,650.87 10641.64 $53,208.19 $244,323.31 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,297,531.49 12161.87 $60,809.36 $213,782.89 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,274,592.25 13682.11 $68,410.53 $190,029.24 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,258,439.76 15202.34 $76,011.70 $171,026.31 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,247,038.01 16722.57 $83,612.86 $155,478.47 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,239,091.33 18242.81 $91,214.03 $142,521.93 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,233,735.96 19763.04 $98,815.20 $131,558.70 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,230,373.91 21283.27 $106,416.37 $122,161.65 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,228,578.03 22803.51 $114,017.54 $114,017.54 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,228,035.09 24323.74 $121,618.71 $106,891.45 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,228,510.16 25843.98 $129,219.88 $100,603.71 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,229,823.60 27364.21 $136,821.05 $95,014.62 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,231,835.67 28884.44 $144,422.22 $90,013.85 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,234,436.07 30404.68 $152,023.39 $85,513.16 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,237,536.55 31924.91 $159,624.56 $81,441.10 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,241,065.66 33445.15 $167,225.73 $77,739.23 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,244,964.96 34965.38 $174,826.90 $74,359.27 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,249,186.17 36485.61 $182,428.07 $71,260.96 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,253,689.03 38005.85 $190,029.24 $68,410.53 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,258,439.76 39526.08 $197,630.41 $65,779.35 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,263,409.76 41046.32 $205,231.58 $63,343.08 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,268,574.66 42566.55 $212,832.75 $61,080.83 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,273,913.57 44086.78 $220,433.92 $58,974.59 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,279,408.51 45607.02 $228,035.09 $57,008.77 $1,300,000,000.00 $0.00 $1,300,285,043.86                                                                         Q Line             22804 0             22804 1300228035                                  Reference Steven A. (2009) Management Science Applications in Project Management Project   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management LP Models in Scheduling, Integer Programming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.eng.umd.edu/~sgabriel. uk   

HRM Compensation

Definition:Compensation is the total amount of the monetary and non-monetary pay provided to an employee by an employer in return for work performed as required.Compensation is based on:Market research about the worth of similar jobs in the marketplace, employee contributions and accomplishments, the availability of employees with like skills in the marketplace, the desire of the employer to attract and retain a particular employee for the value they are perceived to add to the employment relationship, andThe profitability of the company or the funds available in a non-profit or public sector setting, and thus, the ability of an employer to pay market-rate compensation. Compensation also includes payments such as bounces, profit sharing, over time pay, recognition rewards and checks, and sales commission. Compensation can also include non-monetary perks such as a company-paid car, stock options in certain instances, company-paid housing, and other non-monetary, but taxable, income it ems.ADVANTAGES OF COMPENSATION & BENEFITSA well designed compensation and benefits plan helps to attract, motivate and retain talent in your firm (which is myWear). A well designed compensation & benefits plan will benefit your boutique in the following ways. 1. Job satisfaction: Your employees would be happy with their jobs and would love to work for you if they get fair rewards in exchange of their services. 2. Motivation: We all have different kinds of needs. Some of us want money so they work for the company which gives them higher pay. Some value achievement more than money, they would associate themselves with firms which offer greater chances of promotion, learning and development.A compensation plan that hits workers’ needs is more likely to motivate them to act in the desired way. 3. Low Absenteeism: Why would anyone want to skip the day and watch not-so-favorite TV program at home, if they enjoy the office environment and are happy with their salaries and get what t hey need and want? 4. Low Turnover: Would your employees want to work for any other boutique if you offer them fair rewards. Rewards which they thought they deserved?Advantage to Your Employees: 1. Peace of Mind: your offering of several types of insurances to your workers relieves them from certain fears. Your workers as a result now work with relaxed mind. 2. Increases self-confidence: Every human being wants his/her efforts to get acknowledgment. Employees gain more and more confidence in them and in their abilities if they receive just rewards. As a result, their performance level shoot up. Types of Compensation:This includes:Direct financial compensation consisting of pay received in the form of wages, salaries, bonuses and commissions provided at regular and consistent intervals Indirect financial compensation including all financial rewards that are not included in direct compensation and understood to form part of the social contract between the employer and employee such as benefits, leaves, retirement plans, education, and employee services Non-financial compensation referring to topics such as career development and advancement opportunities, opportunities for recognition, as well as work environment and conditions Examples of Financial vs Non-Financial CompensationCompensation can also be categorized as:Base Compensation Variable Compensation Supplementary Compensation Base Compensation and BenefitsBase Compensation is one type of Compensation. It refers to the basic salaries and wages given to he employees. It is normally constant at a given amount irrespective of the difference in work performance. Factors influencing Base Compensation and Benefits One factor that influences Base Compensation is demand and supply of labor in the market. Labor union pressure is also another factor influencing Base Compensation. This is because unions always try their best to fight for their members’ rights. Nature of job as determined by the job description , each employee deserves a different compensation package.Size of the organization and its ability to pay its employees. Product market compensation is yet another factor influencing Base Compensation. Psychological and social factors like employee satisfaction and security. Salaries paid by similar firms are also a factor affecting Base Compensation. Government policies on wage determination Cost of living of the employees. When the employees’ cost of living is very high then they need a higher compensation benefit. Increase in productivity of labor Firms in general; whether competing firms or not.Variable Compensation and BenefitsThis type of compensation as by its name is variable. It means that one gets compensation as per the work done. If one does a remarkable job then he or she deserves a higher compensation package than one whose work is of poor quality. Supplementary Compensation and Benefits Supplementary Compensation is compensation given by an employer when he or she wishes to. It is not compulsory or a routine once one is given the compensation that one will be awarded another time. In this type of Compensation the employer has a right to add, deduct or even withdraw the benefits when he or she wishes to.Compensation AdministrationThe Compensation Administration Department is charged with the task of developing and maintaining a comprehensive compensation and classification system in order to support the mission of the Division of Human Resources.The Compensation Administration Department’s responsibilities include: Developing compensation programs, policies, and procedures to meet the needs of the University administrators as they attract, retain, motivate, develop, and organize their diverse workforce. Ensuring compliance with federal and state compensation laws, statutes, and regulations, Balancing the need for internal equity while recognizing the desire to be market competitive.Evaluating positions consistently and classifying t hem into appropriate job titles ensuring that they are internally equitable, while recognizing the need to be market competitive. Developing and maintaining the classification and compensation structures. Some of the services provided by the Compensation Administration Department include: Providing compensation related information, tools and training to HR Liaisons and University Administrators.Conducting salary surveys and gathering market data to assist University Administrators in making informed salary decisions. Advising HR Liaisons and University Administrators in compensation matters; including establishment of new positions, promotions, transfers, demotions, reorganizations and salary increases. Providing current position descriptions to administrative and staff employees. Providing departments with Organizational Charts. Assisting in departmental re-organizations.Job Evaluation ProcessThis process refers to all components of the university's formal pay program. The staff em ployee's pay at Case results from the following: A. How are jobs evaluated? The job evaluation process established the relative value of jobs throughout the university. There are two steps involved in this process: 1. Job Analysis and Job Description – Using a â€Å"job profile,† the content of each job is analyzed to identify key duties, responsibilities, and qualification necessary to perform the job.Written job descriptions are then prepared to contain this information. 2. Job Evaluation – A computer assisted job evaluation plan, measuring 17 dimensions of nonexempt work and 28 dimensions of exempt work, is used to evaluate the relative worth of staff positions. This evaluation process focuses on valuing the content of each position in terms of a series of well-defined compensable factors.The factors for clerical, service, technical, and administrative support positions include:a. Knowledge: Minimum required level of specialized training, education, and previ ous related work experience.b. Skill: The manual and physical skills required to perform the duties of the position.c. Work Complexity: The degree and amount of judgment, initiative and ingenuity involved in accomplishing work.d. Contact with Others: The extent to which the work entails dealing with others in the course of one's regular duties, including the frequency and nature of contacts and the likely results of such contacts.e. Property Protection and Use: The extent to which the position has responsibility for university property, including funds, vehicles and confidential information.f. Work Leadership: The responsibility for directing, instructing and training personnel; and for planning controlling and assigning work.g. Working Environment: The physical conditions encountered during a typical work day. Conditions such as heat, cold, dirt, fumes, hazards, etc. are considered.h. Student Relations: The responsibility for dealing with students, including the nature and frequenc y of contacts. The factors for professional, administrative, and managerial positions include responsibility for:i. Programs, Projects or Operations: The level in the organization, scope of activities performed, parameters of authority, complexity or nature of responsibilities, and the minimum credentials required to perform the job upon hire.j. Supervision: The number and variety of employees supervised.k. Employee Relations: Promoting and maintaining satisfactory human relations, morale and effectiveness or subordinates.l. External Contacts: Personally dealing with individuals or organizations outside the university.m. Internal Contacts: Personally dealing with individuals within the university, but outside the direct line of authority of the position, to coordinate activities and task accomplishment.n. Investigation or Fact Finding: Activities undertaken to identify facts, and develop ideas, designs or processes.o. Scheduling, Planning and Forecasting: The complexity, variety and nature of the activities involved in determining and carrying out plans and reports.p. Establishing Objectives, Policies, Standards, Procedures, and Practices: The degree of authority to establish standards, and the scope, nature and complexity or these standards.q. Effects of Decisions: Making decisions and commitments which impact the university's resources.r. Student Relations: Personally dealing with students from routine exchanges of information to more complex activities such as counseling. At the conclusion of the job evaluation process, the compensable factors are weighted. A numerical total is then derived and each position is assigned a salary grade which has a salary range A salary range consists of a: MINIMUM: The lowest wage paid to a new employee with limited or no experience in this specific position. MIDPOINT: The â€Å"market† (or average) wage paid to one who is fully qualified. MAXIMUM: The highest wage paid for jobs in the salary grade.Each salary range h as different jobs, e.g. Clerk and Grounds Worker, because they have the same relative value as determined by job evaluation. Salary ranges (link to lastest Salary Structures for Staff) intentionally overlap from one grade to another. Fully qualified incumbents in a lower salary grade may be at the high end of their salary range, while the salary of a less experienced employee in a higher salary grade may be near the minimum of the range. It is thus possible that the salary of an experienced incumbent in a lower rated position will be the same as or more than the salary of an inexperienced incumbent in a higher rates position.B. How do we establish competitive salaries? Salary surveys are conducted annually and analyzed to establish and maintain competitive pay levels with all the markets in which the university competes and recruits, as summarized in the following exhibit. SURVEY SOURCES Employee GroupMarket Salary Surveys A. Exempt1. Department Head and Above National Customized su rveys with data form selected private research universities2. Below Department Head Regional Customized surveys with data from selected private research universities3. Entry Level Local Local surveys for service employees and salary data from the College Placement Association B. NonexemptAll Jobs LocalLocal surveys of selected manufacturing and service employers (banks, insurance, health care, etc.) Specialized surveys as needed for specific jobs, e.g. plumbers, radiation technicians, etc. This market data is correlated with the job evaluation results and salary ranges are established. These ranges are then periodically reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes in the marketplace. C. How are salaries determined? Starting salaries of new hires are normally placed within the first quartile of the salary range but occasionally may go up to the range midpoint to accommodate special recruiting needs. Salary progression in the range occurs over time, based on the salary budget and employee performance. Subsequent to employment, salaries normally change as a result of a promotion, an annual merit increase or an adjustment to maintain equity.Executive compensationExecutive compensation (also executive pay), is composed of the financial compensation and other non-financial awards received by an executive of a firm. It is typically a mixture of salary, bonuses, shares of and/or call options on the company stock, benefits, and perquisites, ideally configured to take into account government regulations, tax law, the desires of the organization and the executive, and rewards for performance.The three decades starting with the 1980s, saw a dramatic rise in executive pay relative to that of an average worker's wage in the United States,and to a lesser extent in a number of other countries. Observers differ as to whether this rise is a natural and beneficial result of competition for scarce business talent that can add greatly to stockholder value in large companies, or a soci ally harmful phenomenon brought about by social and political changes that have given executives greater control over their own pay. Executive pay is an important part of corporate governance, and is often determined by a company's board of directors.Executive compensation is not only a consideration close to the pocket book of CFOs but also a topic of increasing importance to managements and boards. As major economies show signs of recovering from the 2008 recession, compensation can become more decisive to retaining and motivating critical senior executive talent. But, executive compensation also continues to be scrutinized by major investors, proxy advisory firms and increasingly regulators – given the losses incurred by shareholders over the last couple of years.Thus, companies will have to critically review their existing compensation plans and how they adapt these plans for a changing economy. CFOs can play a critical role in framing the financial impacts of compensatio n plans and influencing the public perception of these plans. This CFO Insights article lays forth some critical considerations for CFOs. Executive Compensation: Components and Trends Executive compensation generally consists of a mix of four components: Annual base salary Annual incentive or bonus plan generally tied to short-term performance measures Long-term incentives consisting of a mix of restricted stock, stock options and other long-term performance plans tied to total shareholder return or financial performance Benefits plan.Compensation and The Role Of CFOWith the changes in the environment around the structure of executive compensation, companies are likely to adopt much more transparent compensation processes. We expect CFOs may play a more active role in implementing these processes, especially in four critical areas: 1. Pay for performance: CFOs can help shape pay for performance structures by getting to know shareholders’ expectations through their interaction s with analysts and major investors. This helps ensure that the company’s performance metrics reflect those expectations when shaping short- and long-term compensation plans. CFOs are also instrumental in shaping business-unit compensation and ensuring unit-level performance metrics are rigorously set and support the achievement of overall company financial metrics.2. Financial discipline: It’s important for CFOs to focus on what is affordable, albeit striking a balance with what is competitive. CFOs, even while struggling with the budget and trying to project out earnings for the next two or three years, should establish acceptable limits on compensation in terms of its dilutive effect on earnings. At the business unit level, CFOs can also establish better financial discipline and controls. They are especially capable of identifying how units may structure budgets that coax the best possible performance out of business unit leaders.3. Risk and internal controls: As ex ecutive compensation plans are key to attracting, retaining and motivating talent, CFOs should establish a rigorous process to understand how incentives influence employee behavior, how those behaviors aggravate risk and what steps or controls should be put in place to minimize the risk. Some examples include proper selection of incentive metrics, stress testing potential payouts under various performance scenarios and implementing additional internal controls, as needed to minimize the risky behavior. 4. Bridging the information gap: Aside from managing risk, CFOs could spend considerable time with both the audit and compensation committees to bridge the potential knowledge gap on compensation and financial performance.One example is how to best treat unusual or non-recurring items when calculating incentives. The audit committee is likely to have an in-depth understanding of these items, whereas the compensation committee more fully understands the impact such adjustments may have on incentive plans. The CFO can help link the two committees in helping decide which adjustments, if any, should be made for incentive plan purposes.

Young Latina Mothers

Latina Recently, the Latino population in the US has become the largest ethnic group. According to the Census data, the Latino population grew by 58% from 1990 to 2000, whereas the total population grew by 13% in the same period (Skogrand, 2005). The number is estimated to be much larger but due to their undocumented status many Latino people did not participate during the 2000 census. The term â€Å"Latino† includes a wide variety of immigrant subgroups that speak Spanish, and encompasses a number of groups from Central and South Americas, with migrants from Mexico, Puerto Rico and Cuba being the largest, and â€Å"Latina† is the feminine form. Young Latino Mothers A research conducted by Berkowitz and Kahn (1995) titled, Sources of Support for Young Latina Mothers, highlighted the plight of young Latina mothers in the US and ways to address their problems. Due to high rates of immigration and fertility of young Latina women, which is twice compared to the rest of the US population, their numbers are growing rapidly. According Berkowitz and Kahn, many young mothers and their children are poor, and young mothers who raise their children independently bear the brunt of hardship compared to those who live with husbands or parents or other adults who are financially sound. However, neither getting married nor outside support to cushion the young mothers from poverty and other adverse affects. There is no single to pattern to describe Latina mothers as they are diverse; however, there are certain features each of the subgroups. Puerto Rican mothers are impoverished compared with other groups, remain single, live away from parents or relatives, and are welfare dependents. Cuban mothers are economically well off with low rates of welfare benefits. Central and South American mothers living patterns are similar to Anglos, though they are poorer to the Anglos. Young teenage mothers who raise the children on their own are found to be the most vulnerable. Teen mothers who live with their parents and relatives tend to remain in school and less likely to be poor. Married teen mothers are better off compared to single teen mothers who live with relatives or parents. However, married teen mothers are less likely to attend school than unmarried, resulting in lower education levels. Mothers who delayed their first births after the teen years had done well compared to parents who became teen mothers – they completed school and college. Social and cultural influences Acculturation and biculturalism, according to several researchers, influence the parenting style among young mothers. Acculturation is the process in which an individual acquires the skills required for life in a new environment. Hence, the impact of acculturation has altered traditional gender roles that resulted in women taking up employment, yet they fall into low income groups. Latinas who are less acculturated have traditional gender role beliefs, whereas more acculturated Latinas see more life choices (Latina Adolescent Health, 2007). Within the community, there are large cultural differences, however, there are commonalities within many Latino families. According to research the Latino families give importance to family, religion and gender roles. The importance of the family is the pervasive value in the Latino culture, extended family is essential. Both parenthood and partnerships are considered to be same as family affiliations are given importance. The main purpose of the marriage is to have children and the subsequent family life. Traditional roles play a critical role in reinforcing the gender roles: Machismo alludes to maleness or manliness and a man is expected to be physically strong, authority figure in the family who sustains the family. On the contrary, the role of the woman is complementary or Marianismo, who is self-sacrificing, religions and a homemaker. In Latino culture, motherhood for women is an important goal, apart from taking care of the elderly relatives and children. The importance of family and motherhood in the culture encourages young Latinas to become mothers during their teenage years. Due to high value for motherhood in Latino culture, young women do not see pregnancy negatively. Latino cultural traditions are found to be barriers to young women's ability to communicate openly with their partners. Some young women have babies with a hope that will bring attention from baby’s father, and later he will take up the responsibility of fatherhood; in Latino culture he is the sustainer of the family. They have the highest unmarried birthrate in the nation, over three times that of whites and Asians, and nearly one-and-a half times that of African-American women. Nearly half of the children of Latina mothers are born out of wedlock, and there is no sign lessening of the rate as there numbers are increasing rapidly. This is due to one of the traditional Hispanic values to have children and often. It is seen as a honorable thing for a young girl to have a baby, and it is difficult to persuade young single mothers to give up children for adoption. The tight-knit extended family assists unwed child rearing. Documenting fathers of illegitimate children is problematic as the impregnators of younger women are sometimes their uncles, boyfriend of the girl’s mother, older men who have a false notion that virgins are not capable of motherhood and who avoid sexually transmitted diseases.   Often, the mother’s family do not view see anything bad of these activities (Mac Donald, 2006). Although older men take advantage of younger women, the age difference between the mother and the father of an illegitimate is child is narrowing. An agency in California found that fathers as young as 13 to 14 years of age and it quite common to find an 18-year-old to have children with different girls, and boys feel getting a girl pregnant is peer approval thing. A large majority of fathers abandon their children and mothers, for a father may be already married or doing drugs or in prison. Though they know about the fathers’ whereabouts but do not know if they are working or in jail. The young women’s mothers are callous and overlook what is happening in their daughters’ lives, and the existing social milieu perpetuates the child-bearing activities. References Berkowitz, R. ; Kahn, J. (1995). Sources of support for young Latina mothers. Retrieved on June 19, 2007, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/cyp/xslatina.htm Latina Adolescent Health. (2007). Retrieved on June 19, 2007, from http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/iag/latina.htm Mac Donald, H. (2006). Hispanic Family Values? Hispanic trending. Retrieved on June 19, 2007, from http://juantornoe.blogs.com/hispanictrending/2006/11/hispanic_family.html Skogrand, L. (2005). Understanding Latino families, implications for family education. Retrieved on June 19, 2007, from Utah State University, Extension Web site: http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/FR_Family_2005-02.pdf ; ;

McBride Financial Services

McBride Financial Services is a premier one-stop mortgage provider in the five-state area of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota. The company specializes in providing low-cost, flat-rate fee mortgages to members of its communities shipping for a new residential mortgage. The company is currently privately held but is exploring opportunities to go public through an Initial Public Offering (IPO), acquiring another company in its same industry or merging with another organization.Through utilization of the SWOT method, management will evaluate each approach and determine which is the best method to take McBride Financial Services public. Strengths in Going Public If McBride Financial Services chose the option of going public with an IPO there are a couple of strengths that it would benefit from. The first distinct strength is the raising of capital. Additional capital would allow for brick and mortar expansion, investment opportunities, and added cash flow to improve products and services. An IPO can help reduce debt and the applicable risk rating given by creditors.If the IPO is successful, the options for additional financing will be open. By utilizing the option of an IPO, an organization’s awareness within the community arises. Most companies gain profits when establishing an IPO. Consumers become aware on a local and even a national level of what your organization produces. They will take a risk if currently unhappy with their current financial services and experiment with your products and services. If the customer relationship is cemented from the beginning, the consumer is sure to now produce additional clientele via word-of-mouth.All of this additional business is generated by creating and offering an IPO. If McBride’s chose to acquire another organization within the same industry, it has several advantages it could benefit from. One advantage from the start is that the open locations could potentially be in lucrative loc ations that would create a stronger voice and curb appeal. Financing options become available as well. The current financier used by McBride, will be ready and willing to offer other financing options if needed because of additional income that is now a potential.The potential for additional consumers and vendor relationships is tremendous depending on the size of the organization acquired. It can be beneficial for McBride, as some of those vendor contracts may be more cost effective in the future. Within the same notion of cost effectiveness, the additional staff that is acquired with the new organization brings experience and dependability. It allows the two organizations that are now one to continue to run smoothly and not have higher costs of training and development.There are two major advantages to merging with another organization if that is the choice McBride’s Financial Services commits to. The first advantage is that once the merger is completed, competition within the industry community becomes less of a threat. The other advantage to a merger is the strategic planning and restructuring of the organization. Usually the two organizations will coercively plan and stage a strong management lead to run the larger institution. Weaknesses in Going Public Conducting an IPO is time-consuming and expensive.It can take up to a year or more to complete and can cost several hundreds of thousands of dollars for attorneys, accountants, printers, and additional fees. The SEC disclosure rules are very extensive and mean all financial information is made public. McBride will be subject to review by the SEC to ensure compliance with regulations through proper filings and relevant disclosures. Decision-making among management may be affected by the market price of the shares and the feeling they must receive market recognition for the company’s stock. McBride could lose market confidence should shares of the company’s stock fall.Decreased valuatio n of the company can affect lines of credit, secondary offering pricing, the company’s ability to maintain employees, and the personal wealth of insiders and investors. â€Å"’In today’s global business environment, companies may have to grow to survive, and one of the best ways to grow is by merging with another company or acquiring other companies,’† according to consultant Jacalyn Sherriton. In principle, a merger or acquisition is a capital budgeting decision much like any other. However, much like an IPO, mergers have their weaknesses as well.The value of a merger may depend on such things as strategic fits which can be difficult to measure. The accounting, tax, and legal aspects can be complex. Mergers often involve issues of corporate control and are a means of replacing existing management. Mergers affect the value of a firm and further affect the relative value of the stocks and bonds. Finally, mergers are often unfriendly. Although many c ompanies have found acquisitions to be highly beneficial to their operations, many more encounter problems that can prove disastrous to the future position of the firm.A poorly executed acquisition can harm McBride’s financial and strategic situation. Problems with financing an acquisition can arise before and after the transaction. Expenses for acquisitions can be astronomical when they involve lawyers, consultants, financiers, and advisors that helped make the deal possible. Additionally, filing and legal fees because of complications in the transaction can further exacerbate the already extremely high costs of acquisition. Oftentimes, quality employees are lost in an acquisition because the acquiring firm is too caught up in transaction to recognize they exist within the acquired firm.The long-term strategies of a firm can be negatively affected if it is pursuing a diversification strategy. Rather than improving upon the factors that led to its competitive advantage, manag ement focuses on running a diversified company, which could result in the company losing its core business advantage and severely hampering the future success of the firm. Opportunities in Going Public Major companies and corporations that comprise a big part of the United States economy take advantage of certain opportunities such as going public through IPO’s, acquisitions, and mergers.These three approaches provide an additional resource and many times an advantage to expand, become more profitable, or simply save a company’s existence. McBride Financial Services, for instance, can raise capital by doing an IPO. This gives the company an opportunity to expand its business by becoming a part of the stock market and hence becoming well-known. This also provides enough funds to be put back into the company for profit, and for any other expenses necessary to remain successful and in existence.In the case of an acquisition, which is the taking over of another company, Mc Bride will benefit because the company being acquired is already established. It takes less investment, time, and energy than to start-up a new company. A merger also can be a beneficial opportunity for the company because both parties agree to come together as one organization to improve and grow stronger than as individual companies. A merger eliminates part of the competition, creates a bigger and stronger company, and strengthens the balance sheet.Without methods such as IPO’s, acquisitions, and mergers, â€Å"†¦a company may simply become financially non-viable [and] not able to meet its debt and trade obligations† (Collier, p. 5). Threats in Going Public With the opportunities that McBride Financial Services has with these three options of expansion, there exist certain threats as well. If McBride chooses to go public through an IPO, then it has to worry about the new owners of the company and their ideas about what the company is and should be doing. In a w orst case scenario, Mcbride’s competitors can buy the company and decide to do with it what they want.They can take full control of the company and manipulate it in ways McBride never imagined or they could even just dissolve the company into nonexistence. If McBride needs the money to expand that it would get if it went through with the IPO, then acquiring another organization in the same industry is indeed going to be difficult to do, if not impossible. Even if McBride does find a way to get the money to acquire another company without going public, then it would most likely go into eventual bankruptcy because of the debt it will accumulate because of increased costs.If McBride wants to merge with another organization to expand, it will not be an easy task because the two become one company with a common purpose. If they do not learn how to work with each other and compensate for the other’s weaknesses, then they will eventually fail and both companies will be out of business. Conclusion Based on the information provided while researching each of the approaches for going public, the management team at McBride Financial Services has opted to go public via an IPO.Although it can be costly and time-consuming, it seems to be the best method to maintain the current managerial make-up and integrity of the organization. References (n. d. ) Merger and acquisitions. Retrieved on November 2, 2010 from http://www. answers. com/topic/mergers-and-acquisitions Collier, Steve. Mergers and acquisitions: Special dangers and opportunities. Retrieved November 4, 2010, from EBSCOhost database. Keown, A. J. , Martin, J. D. , Petty, W. , & Scott, D. F. (2005). Financial Management: Principles and Applications.Pearson Education, Inc. Steffens, Gregory (n. d. ). Common problems with acquisitions. Retrieved on November 2, 2010 From http://www. gaebler. com/common-problems-with-acquisitions Taubman, L. E. (n. d). Considerations of an IPO. Retrieved on November 2, 20 10 from http://library. findlaw. com/2001/Jan/1/127967. html Chapter 22 Problems 1. What new problems and factors are encountered in international as opposed to domestic financial management? * Foreign Currency Exchange Fluctuation: International financial management involves cash flow in foreign currency.Foreign currency exchange rate keeps fluctuating. International business is exposed to foreign currency exchange risk as fluctuation in wrong direction affects the business adversely. There are many ways to hedge the cash flow in foreign currency, but no strategy provides complete protection. * Fund flow between countries – International financial management deals with capital flow between countries. In many countries banking system is not mature and /or fund raising is not easy. In that case, company has to raise fund outside the country.International financial management involves the fund flow from one country to other country. * Laws and regulations – Different cou ntries have different business laws, labor laws, laws related to taxation etc. International financial management is affected by the prevailing laws and regulations in a particular country. * Country risk – International business is exposed to the country risk of the country company is doing business in. Country risk involves political risk, general economic environment etc.Because of country risk, additional risk premium is required. International financial management deals with this issue as well. 2. What does the term arbitrage profit mean? Arbitrage profit refers to making risk free profit without investing your own money. The opportunity of arbitrage profit arises because of pricing mismatch. In the simplest form, if the same financial instrument is selling at different price at two different places, one can buy the security where it is selling at the lower price and sell where it is selling at the higher price.This gives the seller a risk free profit without using his m oney. Another example of arbitrage profit is Triangular arbitrage. It is the process of trading out of the first currency into a second currency, then trading it for a third currency, which is in turn traded for first currency. Arbitrage profit can be earned from trading from the second to the third currency if their direct quotes are not consistent with the cross exchange rates. 3. What can a firm do to reduce exchange risk? The firm can hedge against foreign exchange risk in a number of ways.First, they can deposit funds into the foreign country's banks in the foreign denomination in a sufficient quantity so as to hedge against a downturn in the domestic currency. There are some opportunity costs associated with this method as the interest rate earned on the deposited funds will be less than could be earned elsewhere, but the difference is like carrying insurance. In addition, the firm could enter into forwards, futures, or options. 4. What are the differences between a forward co ntract, a futures contract, and options?A forward contract is one that locks in an exchange rate now for a transaction in the future. It is possible the economy will render the forward more expensive than actual exchange rates would have made the transaction to begin with, but again, the forward acts like an insurance policy against negative shifts on exchange rates. Futures contracts are similar to forward contracts except that forward contracts are private agreements and may be molded accordingly. Futures are traded on open markets and, as such, are held to higher levels of scrutiny.Forward contracts can only be executed on one specific date. Futures (because they are traded) are open for transaction any day until their expiration. Options set an exchange rate and, as the name implies, gives the firm the option of exercising the rate at the time the contract is due. This gives the firm flexibility and allows them to take advantage of unforeseen upticks in the global economy that a ctually make exchange rates favorable at contract execution time. Options are more expensive, however (the flexibility afforded by options costs a premium).